In the world of modern software development, few libraries have had as transformative an impact as Pydantic. What began as Samuel Colvin’s elegant solution to Python’s data validation challenges has evolved into the foundational layer powering everything from high-performance web APIs to cutting-edge AI applications. Today, Pydantic sits at the center of an ecosystem that has become indispensable for developers building reliable, production-ready systems.

Mocking is tremendously important in unit testing because it isolates the unit under test. Use mocking to prevent unnecessary calls to external resources and control your object behavior to test for edge cases!

Ok, this is really basic, but I finally got to reading about Retrieval-Augmented Generation. The concept is simple, but I wanted to sketch how RAGs work in just a teeny bit more technical detail than most diagrams out there:

What are the normal salary ranges in biotech? How does this change for different experience levels? How much do bonuses and equities contribute to income? In this post, we explore these questions and more using survey data from r/biotech.